Agriculture remains the backbone of Uganda’s economy, employing more than 70% of the population and accounting for a significant share of the country’s foreign exchange earnings. Among the many farming products produced across the country, the best agricultural exports in Uganda are not only central to livelihoods but also vital to national development and global competitiveness.
From the fertile slopes of Mount Elgon to the shores of Lake Victoria, Uganda’s diverse agro-climatic zones support a wide array of high-demand export crops and products. Here’s a closer look at the leading agricultural exports shaping Uganda’s trade profile.
1. Coffee – Uganda’s Leading Agricultural Export
Uganda is one of Africa’s largest coffee exporters, and coffee remains the most valuable of all agricultural exports. The country produces both Robusta and Arabica varieties, with Robusta accounting for over 80% of production.
Key facts:
- Major markets include Europe, the U.S., and Asia
- The Uganda Coffee Development Authority (UCDA) oversees quality and regulation
- Coffee supports over 1.7 million households
Ongoing efforts to improve quality and traceability are helping Uganda’s coffee gain premium status on the international market.
2. Tea – A Resilient Cash Crop
Tea is another top-performing export, particularly from the western and southwestern regions of Uganda, including Bushenyi, Kabarole, and Kanungu.
Highlights:
- Grown at high altitudes with rich volcanic soils
- Exported to Pakistan, Egypt, the UK, and the UAE
- Uganda’s tea is known for its bold flavor and rich aroma
Tea estates are also a source of rural employment and a key contributor to environmental conservation through agroforestry practices.
3. Fish and Fish Products – A Lucrative Export
With its vast freshwater bodies, including Lake Victoria, Uganda exports a substantial volume of fish, especially Nile perch and tilapia, mainly to Europe and the Middle East.
Key benefits:
- Fish exports contribute over $200 million annually
- The fisheries sector employs over 1 million people
- Growth driven by both wild catch and aquaculture
Improved regulations and sustainable fishing practices are critical to maintaining export quality and meeting EU standards.
4. Maize – Rising Regional Demand
Though often consumed locally, maize has become a strong regional export, especially to neighboring countries like Kenya, South Sudan, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Facts:
- Uganda is a top maize supplier in the EAC
- Exported mainly as grain, flour, and animal feed
- High potential due to increasing food security needs in the region
Efforts are ongoing to reduce post-harvest losses and improve drying and storage to meet regional trade standards.
5. Cocoa – A Growing Niche Export
While not yet at the scale of coffee, cocoa is fast emerging as one of the best agricultural exports in Uganda due to its high value and increasing global demand.
Cocoa is mainly grown in:
- Bundibugyo
- Mukono
- Masindi
It is exported primarily to Europe and Asia, with a growing focus on organic and fair-trade certifications to capture premium markets.
6. Horticultural Products – Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables
Uganda’s horticulture sector is rapidly growing, with exports including:
- Pineapples, avocados, and mangoes
- Hot peppers, eggplants, and green beans
- Fresh-cut flowers, mainly roses
These products are exported to Europe and the Middle East, benefiting from the country’s favorable climate and year-round production.
7. Simsim (Sesame) and Groundnuts
Simsim (sesame seeds) and groundnuts are increasingly being exported to markets in Asia and the Middle East due to their oil content and nutritional value.
Uses:
- Edible oil production
- Snack and health food industry
- Ingredient in processed foods and confectionery
They are important for smallholder farmers in northern and eastern Uganda.
Agriculture at the Heart of Uganda’s Export Success
The best agricultural exports in Uganda are more than just economic drivers—they are a reflection of the country’s resilience, potential, and resourcefulness. With continued investment in value addition, infrastructure, and trade policy, Uganda is well-positioned to expand its agricultural footprint globally while improving rural incomes and national food security.
