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Breakdown in Rwanda-DRC Peace Talks Sparks Regional Instability Concerns

Rwandan President Paul Kagame.

The already fragile peace process between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has hit a major roadblock, raising alarms over escalating tensions and potential conflict in the region. The deterioration follows the cancellation of peace talks and growing hostilities between the two nations’ leaders.

Rwandan President Paul Kagame has openly criticized Congolese President Félix Tshisekedi, questioning his leadership and attributing the prolonged conflict to governance issues. This public condemnation underscores the widening rift between the two countries.

Efforts to mediate were dealt a severe blow when both countries canceled peace talks scheduled in Angola. The discussions aimed to address the M23 rebel insurgency, which has destabilized eastern DRC. Disagreements over Rwanda’s demand for direct negotiations between the DRC government and the M23 rebels derailed the talks, as Kinshasa firmly rejected the condition.

The United Nations Group of Experts recently released a report implicating Rwanda in the conflict. The findings revealed the presence of nearly 4,000 Rwandan soldiers operating in the DRC, with some M23 rebel units reportedly commanded by Rwanda Defence Force (RDF) special forces. Additionally, evidence of Rwandan air defense systems within Congolese territory has further heightened tensions.

Patrick Muyaya, spokesperson for the Congolese government, strongly condemned Rwanda’s actions, accusing Kigali of resource looting and other crimes committed by its soldiers and allied militants. The United States has also expressed serious concerns, calling for a definitive agreement to ensure the immediate withdrawal of Rwandan forces from the DRC.

The collapse of dialogue between Rwanda and the DRC marks a significant setback in efforts to restore peace in the region. Without renewed diplomatic engagement, the risk of escalating violence looms large, threatening the stability of the entire Great Lakes region.

As international stakeholders continue to monitor the situation, there is an urgent need for concerted efforts to revive peace negotiations, hold involved parties accountable, and prevent further humanitarian crises.

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